Dr Colin Lee

Abstract With the rapid diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation technologies, and the hypothesis of mass unemployment, traditional social security systems centered on employment are facing structural challenges. Universal Basic Income (UBI)—conceptualized as an "unconditional, cash-based, and universal" system—has re-entered mainstream academic and policy discussions. This paper integrates the most influential empirical studies and official reports on UBI from the past...

Deconstructing the 2026 Budget Financial Secretary Paul Chan released the 2026 Budget, revealing that the Hong Kong government successfully turned a loss into a profit in its consolidated account this year, recording a surplus of $2.9 billion. However, economist Simon Lee (Li Siu-po) pointed out that if the amounts for bond issuance and repayment are excluded, the actual deficit reaches $100.4 billion, questioning whether the early surplus is merely an illusion. Issuing $970 Billion in Bonds...

"Chip-collateralized financing, AI compute economy: The internal circulation among Nvidia, Oracle, and OpenAI." This phrase accurately depicts a tight-knit and symbiotic business model that is currently forming among AI giants. This is not merely a simple supply chain, but a powerful strategic closed loop and ecological alliance. Let's break down in detail how this "internal circulation" operates, and the role and interests of each company within this cycle. I. Role Breakdown and Cycle...