In this chapter of history, gold was never merely wealth. In 13th-century Europe, the gates of a town closed at dusk. The market outside the walls packed up, while the clatter of hooves still echoed on the cobblestone streets inside. In a corner by the city walls lay a narrow street known as "Jew Street." The people living here were forbidden to own land or join guilds. Blacksmiths, tailors, brewers—all closed their doors to them. Yet, the city still needed loans, distant tra